A question similar to this one..

When using a predicate in a XPath query to test for a particular predicate (which is called a "qualifier" in the docs), am I limited to equality tests?

Equality tests like '//[EmployeeID="105"]' do work in my tests.

However, tests with "<=" or "!=" or combining predicates with " and " etc. do not work and raise syntax errors.

IMHO, the docs are a bit unclear (or my understanding of the term "expression" is too general here), stating that

Qualifiers of the form expr1[expr2] and expr1[expr2="string" ] can be used, where expr2 is any supported XPath expression. A qualifier evaluates TRUE if expr2 matches one or more nodes. For example, 'a[b]' finds a nodes that have at least one b child, and a[b="I"] finds a nodes that have at least one b child with a text value of I.

Again, the obvious workaround would be to defer these tests after the openxml() result set is built, and filter the result set with common WHERE conditions.

The drawback might be (but I'm not sure) that this is possibly less efficient.